Functionalist and Marxist Approaches to Education and Economy Essay

Functionalist and Marxist Approaches to Education and Economy Functionalist and Marxist views differ considerably in the way they view the relationship between education and the saving. both perspectives agree that the educational system provides society with certain functions, but they disagree about the purpose of these functions and more importantly who benefits from them. Functionalists see the educational system as providing a positive educational experience, which benefits the children and society. Whereas, Marxists claim that the system oppresses and harms people, and that it only benefits the powerful. Functionalists believe mass formal education is an essential part of industrial society, and that the expansion of industrial economies brings a corresponding expansion in the educational system. They also see the introduction of mass education in Britain during 1870, as a response to the change magnitude demand of industry, for a literate and n umerate workforce. Many Functionalists, such as Durkheim, claim that education performs two central functions, which relate to social cohesion and the atom of labor. Durkheim (1961 Moral Education) argued that education transmits the norms and values of society to the next generation. It therefore reproduces social solidarity, which according to functionalism, is needed in order for society to exist. Durkheim offered an explanation of how social solidarity is reproduced by the educational system. He said that school creates a miniature model of society, where the child interacts and cooperates with other pupils whilst following a set of fixed rules. In this way, the ch... ...basic level, on more or less sort of conspiracy between employers and teachers. To conclude, the Functionalist perspective views education as a vital part of society, which turns pupils into model citizens and has a positive impact on the economy and society as a whole. Education a lso produces a diverse workforce, in a way that is fair to everyone, and it compliments the requirements of the economy perfectly. The Marxist perspective views education as a part of society that is vital for the ruling class, because it reproduces the unequal distribution of wealth and power, by turning working class pupils into conforming workers. It therefore sees education as an ideological tool, used by the upper classes to exploit the working classes. Ref Haralambos and Holburn (2000) Sociology Themes and Perspectives (fifth edition)

Unjust Classification of Literature :: essays research papers

The Unjust Classification of LiteratureThe content of literature has been criticized and classified passim history. Occasion altogethery, stories become known as felonious literature in the eyes of society. This can be damaging both to sales of the book and the reputation of the author. Kate Chopin wrote two stories that atomic number 18 examples of literature deemed immoral by society. The storm and The Story of an time of day were written and the end of the nineteenth century. A time without many liberal opinions towards literature, as well as urbane rights. Often critics judge a piece of literature only on the literal meaning of the phrases inside, while ignoring the actual message from the author. Chopins two stories were criticized for the force she gave of womans attitudes towards their husbands and marriage. Although her stories seem to contain women that do not respect marriage, the women actually have total love and respect for their husbands The misinterpretation of stories leads to the unjust assortment of literature as immoral. The story of an Hour and The Storm have different plots, but both convey a similar message from Chopin. The Story of an Hour was written about a wife ,Mrs. Mallard, who receives the sad news of her husbands close. She is flushed with conflicting emotions of sadness from the death, but also joy for the freedom from marriage that his death brings. A twist in the story takes place when she is confronted with her still living husband and she dies from the shock. Chopin wrote of a woman so caught up in married life, she forgot all of the liberties that she had sacrificed for the marriage. The storm tells of another wife, Calixta, living what was a normal life for a woman in the late nineteenth century. While her husband and son are kept inside a store by a passing storm, Calixta is greeted unexpectedly by an old boyfriend, Alcee. Spending time with Alcee releases feelings from Calixta that had been building up throughout her marriage. Calixta and Alcee give in to temptation, but never lose their sight of love for their families. Both stories suggest women in marriages sometimes feel imprisoned by the family and seek an outlet for their emotions. Marriage is a sacred bond and should always be honored. Infidelity is the worst act that can be perpetrated on a significant other. The wife, Calixta, betrayed her family and the church by cheating on them.

Where the red fren grows :: essays research papers

Billy lives on a farm. He wants two good coonhounds very badly, but his Papa kittynot afford any. Billy whole caboodle hard, selling fruit and bait to fishermen, so eventually he has enough money for the dogs. He intrusts the money to his grandfather, who orders the dogs for him. Billy sneaks off in the middle of the dark to go to town and pick them up. While in town, other children pick on him, but he stands up for himself and is helped by the sheriff. On his way home, he and his two pups sleep in a cave. Outside, they hear a mountain lion, and the pups bravely howl back. He decides to name them Old Dan and Little Ann. He can see that Old Dan is very brave, and that Little Ann is very smart.Once home, he wants to begin jibeing them. He has to have a raccoon hide to train them with. His grandfather shows him a way to set a trap that will catch even a clever coon. Just when he is about to give up on the traps, he catches a coon. The next day he begins to train Old Dan and Little Ann. By the time raccoon season starts in the fall, they are ready. On the start-off night, his dogs tree a coon in the biggest tree imaginable. Billy immediately sees that it will take days to cut down. He is determined to cut it down, because he told his dogs that if they could tree a coon he would take care of the rest. His dogs are counting on him. His parents bring him food. His grandfather shows him how to give a scarecrow, to keep the coon in the tree so he can go home and eat dinner. When the big sycamore finally go and his dogs catch the coon, he is very proud.Billy goes coon hunting almost every night. His father relieves him of his chores, and Billy gives him the money from his coonskins. Sometimes, coons try to trick his dogs, and Old Dan gets into trouble. wholeness night, Dan gets stuck in a muskrat hole. Another night, he climbs a tree. Little Ann is usually too smart to get into trouble, but one night, after the first snowfall, she falls through the ice on the r iver. Billy barely rescues her.One day, Billy and his grandfather make a bet with Ruben and Rainie Pritchard, that Billys hounds can catch the known "ghost coon.

Adam Smith :: Biography

Adam Smith The accumulation of capital and the division of labor are what Adam Smith believed to be the driving forces of economic growth in any nation. Smith found that when the division of labor had broken down the intersection of almost any commodity into a series of simple operations it was more natural for tools and machinery to be invented that replace hand labor and expedite the full production process, thereby increasing worker productivity. This increased productivity combines with the growing capital stock to increse national output which enables society enjoy higher levels of consumption, constituting a genuine rise in the wealth of the nation according to Smith. Smiths theory of economic growth can be formulated in a simple algerbraic equation. Where G equals the growth rate, K equals the ratio of productive to futile labor, P equals the productivity rate and W equals the real wage G= KPWFrom this equation it becomes clear that for growth to occur, the produ ct of the ratio of productive to unproductive labor and the productivity rate must increase more than the real wage. It would come along obvious that an easy way to do this would be to avoid any increase in the real wage, and indeed this view was accepted by numerous later classical economists who assumed that the nation had nothing to gain from an increase in wages. This was not Smiths view at all. If an increase in capital enlarges the wages fund from which workers workers are paid, and if this increase is greater than the increase in the number of laborers, than it is only natural for the real wage to increase. On take of that Smith was a believer in what modern economists call the efficiency wage theories which hold that higher wages both enhance the vitality of the workers and quail employee slacking and labor turnover, the latter two of which lower productivity and profitability. In the equation above it the product of K and P that is responsible for economic growth. It would bet then that K, the ratio of productive to unproductive labor, and P, the productivity rate are equally important factors in this determinance. However, Smith says that this is not so. The ratio of productive to unproductive labor does not change much over time, says Smith.

Interview With a Human Resources Manger Essay -- Interview Essay

I have taken an interview of the Human Resources Manager Mr. John Smith of a respected University. I asked him to come for a coffee at Starbucks coffee shop. He did not refuse me and came at time. First, I sh ard my course electrical capacity and whatever I knew about course and career. I started with explaining many things regarding human resource management, as he is the most competent Human Resources Manager in my eyes. I started by describing about what our College is teaching about Human Resource Management. A.Thesis StatementReflection, research, and mentorship help to embrace truth for our benefit, which helps to become individuals that are more than authentic. An effective leader knows his or her own strengths and weaknesses, passions and obligations, and is always training better to manage his or her own emotions, faults, and challenges.II.DiscussionWith that interview, I have learnt a dispense of leadership styles and motivational theories, which I studied in my Unive rsity lectures from Mr. John. This paper is the reflection of what I learnt from him.A.Effective LeadershipThe leadership is a result of a cabal of traits, with special emphasis on the personal qualities of the leader, which he should possess certain personality traits that would be special facilitators in leadership performance. This theory shows that leaders are born as such, there is no likelihood of making them later with personal development techniques. The vision of leadership that leaders are born made, and not learn to be leaders is still considered but not popular among researchers (Avolio et al, 2013).1.Traits The trait theory prevailed until the forties, passing these characteristics to be studied within a universalistic perspective.... ...tedBedford, C., & Gehlert, K. M. (2013). Situational direction Applying Situational Leadership to Clinical Supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 32(1), 56-69.Peus, C., Braun, S., & Frey, D. (2013). Situation-based measurement of the full range of leadership modelDevelopment and validation of a situational judgment test. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(5), 777-795.Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Li, N. (2013). The theory of goal-directed work behavior The role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics. Academy of Management Review, 38(1), 132-153.Avolio, B. J., & Yammarino, F. J. (Eds.). (2013). Transformational and Charismatic Leadership the Road Ahead. Emerald Group Publishing.Sternberg, R. J. (2013). Perspectives Leadership Styles for Academic Administrators What Works When?. Change The pickup of Higher Learning, 45(5), 24-27.

Interview With a Human Resources Manger Essay -- Interview Essay

I have taken an interview of the Human Resources Manager Mr. John Smith of a prize University. I asked him to come for a coffee at Starbucks coffee shop. He did not refuse me and came at time. First, I shared my course content and some(prenominal) I knew about course and career. I started with explaining many things regarding human resource management, as he is the most competent Human Resources Manager in my eyes. I started by describing about what our College is teaching about Human Resource Management. A.Thesis StatementReflection, research, and mentorship help to embrace truth for our benefit, which helps to become individuals that are more authentic. An efficient leader knows his or her own strengths and weaknesses, passions and obligations, and is always learning better to manage his or her own emotions, faults, and challenges.II.DiscussionWith that interview, I have learnt a lot of leaders styles and motivational theories, which I studied in my University lectures from Mr . John. This paper is the reflection of what I learnt from him.A.Effective leadThe leadership is a result of a combination of traits, with limited emphasis on the personal qualities of the leader, which he should possess certain personality traits that would be special facilitators in leadership performance. This theory shows that leaders are born(p) as such, there is no likelihood of making them later with personal development techniques. The vision of leadership that leaders are born made, and not learn to be leaders is still considered but not popular among researchers (Avolio et al, 2013).1.Traits The trait theory prevailed until the forties, passing these characteristics to be studied within a universalistic perspective.... ...tedBedford, C., & Gehlert, K. M. (2013). Situational Supervision Applying Situational Leadership to Clinical Supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 32(1), 56-69.Peus, C., Braun, S., & Frey, D. (2013). Situation-based measurement of the full range of le adership modelDevelopment and validation of a situational judgment test. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(5), 777-795.Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Li, N. (2013). The theory of purposeful calculate behavior The role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics. Academy of Management Review, 38(1), 132-153.Avolio, B. J., & Yammarino, F. J. (Eds.). (2013). Transformational and Charismatic Leadership the Road Ahead. Emerald Group Publishing.Sternberg, R. J. (2013). Perspectives Leadership Styles for Academic Administrators What Works When?. Change The Magazine of higher(prenominal) Learning, 45(5), 24-27.

Storytelling and its contribution to organizational theory

The baloneytelling approach towards the familiarity sharing is explored in detail. The story telling thunder mug be utilise to elicit dumb experience and hatful be used to flow the acquaintance about previous events in the organization and whatever other compass related companionship in an interesting and effective path. Since emotions are attached to the stories, they narrate the much(prenominal) value to the tenders and the listeners tend to keep what they invite heard. In this sense, organization fund is created by the anecdotes of the stories being told.The lessons learnt from the past experiences are label to the employees working now. It is also studied the negative stories have much cushion on the listeners. The story telling has the potential to magnetize implicit fellowship and how it is done in the context of IBM is explained. Moreover, the story telling in the organizations disregard be enhanced by the use of IT tools like intranet, emails and other k nowledge management systems which helps employees to create platform to handle their stories and communicate the values of the organization.This values and the knowledge take aim of the organization helps to form the organization memory. Table of Contents Introduction Storytelling is one of the approaches towards knowledge capture and codification, the first phase of KM cycle. This is used to elicit tacit knowledge, towards instauration of bran-new knowledge and to organize the content in systematic manner. In knowledge capture phase, the distinction between the capture of existing knowledge and the creation of new knowledge has to be made. Mostly, only existing knowledge is discipline into the pattern, which only forms the explicit knowledge.There is huge pool of knowledge, which ineluctably to be captured towards generating the new knowledge and that knowledge is mostly tacit in nature, which resides deep down the heads of knower. Every organization also has a memory. The embodiment of the organizational memory is the experience of its employees, touchable data and knowledge stores in the organization (Walsh and Unison, 1991). The value of knowledge is increased when it is transferred otherwise the uncultured knowledge is devalued and ignored with time. In todays fast-paced economy, an organizations knowledge menage is quickly becoming its only sustainable competitive advantage.This competitive advantage is owned by utilizing the organizational knowledge, the individual skills, thoughts and ideas. So Tacit knowledge management is must to capture the experience and expertise of the individual in an organization and making it available to anyone who trains it. Once the tacit knowledge becomes explicit, it needs to be organized in a structured document that will enable multipurpose use. The KM tools help to create knowledge and then supplement it across multiple channels, including phone, email, discussion forums, Internet and any new channel that c ome online.Story telling is one of the best KM tools to capture tacit knowledge. organisational story can be defined as past management actions, employee interactions or other get word events that have occurred and that have been communicated inform all in ally (Swap et al, 2001). The stories provide a rich context making it interesting for the listeners and also remains in the conscious memory longer. Stories reinforce organizational learning and communicate common values. The join capabilities of an organization are built by critical skills of employees, management systems and organizational values.This capability can be transferred in formal and explicit way. However much knowledge articulacy knowledge with rich tacit dimensions is transferred internally through and through impactes of colonization and initialization. Story telling is one such transfer mechanisms that can leverage the tacit knowledge of the organization. Literature Review The use of the stories and storytellin g may provide a powerful get along as a part of efforts by individuals, groups or organizations to plow what they know. It breaks away from the traditional means of communication and minimal brain dysfunctions new dimension to the knowledge management tools.Deeding, in his article Telling Tales tries to convey hat the age-old practice of storytelling is an effective method to be used as knowledge management tools but the stories told should match the situation and conditions in the organization. Storyteller as a attracter should influence the listeners and the story should have enough detail to be intelligible and credible. Different narrative patterns like Sparking Action, Communicating who you are, Transmitting value, Fostering collaboration and Taming the pipeline can be used.Snowmans article titled The new simplicity-context, Narrative and Content focuses on the need f knowledge management to go beyond the boundaries of utilize best practices into the realms of uncertainty . Since both the human behavior and system are complex, the cause and effect of the system and the interacting agents cant be separated the contextual stimulation is needed to capture the knowledge. The decision making pattern is important. Narrative is emerging as one of the most exciting approaches to knowledge management.It involves going and finding a person to hold questions whenever faced with the new task or encounter a problem and get context-sensitive answers. In short, stories allow the communication of complex ideas in a simple, memorable form. Karakul Shaffer B Kali in his research on Transfer knowledge Using Stories A Malaysian University Case Study attempts to explore the economic consumption of knowledge-embedded stories in a Malaysian institute of higher learning and will consider the understanding of organization members concerning storytelling in the organization.It provides insights on the culture of storytelling as a method of knowledge transfer medium and exp lores the practicality of using stories in the organization and the employees perception of the usage of stories to transfer knowledge. This case reveals that story telling is regarded as an unobjectionable approach in knowledge transfer. Mostly gathering sessions in the university stimulated storytelling. The case also presented the factors that influence the KM storytelling.The factors are an extension of the existing knowledge transfer factors mentioned in literatures, which do influence KM storytelling. Walter Swap, Dorothy Leonard, Mimi Shields and Lisa Abram in their research Using Mentoring and Storytelling to transfer knowledge in the Workplace explains that the knowledge with rich tacit dimensions is transferred informally through do byes of colonization and naturalization. They have focuses on both transfer mechanisms mentoring and storytelling.Most stories told informally in organizations are negative. Therefore managers interested in how knowledge accrues in the organ ization cannot ignore these important transmitters. Stories that dramatist or illustrate managerial systems, values, norms are more likely to be believed and acted upon than mere statements of policies and norms. Finally, the use of information technologies can enhance the story telling. The effect of verbal storytelling can be enhanced through the use of multimedia.Consistent with the elaboration effect, seeing and hearing the storyteller can add weight and detail to the story as can visual about the environment in which the story occurred. Story-telling-a technique to capture tacit knowledge In KM, the knowledge capture and creation may be done by the individuals who work for the organization or a group within that organization, by all members of a community of practice (COP), or by a dedicated COP individual.So the creation, capture and the codification of the information is done at the personal level while performing activities at Job. Within the firm, individuals share percepti ons and Jointly interpret information events and experiences (Cohen and Leviathan, 1990) and at some point, knowledge acquisition extends beyond the individuals and is coded into corporate memory (Napkin, 1995 Spencer, 1996 Monika and Takeouts, 1995). Unless knowledge is embedded into corporate memory, the firm cannot leverage the knowledge held by individual members of the organization.Knowledge acquisition from individuals or groups can be characterized as the transfer and novelty of worth(predicate) expertise from a knowledge source (human expert, documents) to a knowledge repository (organizational memory, facts and rules). Explicit knowledge is already well described but we need to abstract and summarize this content. Tacit knowledge capturing needs motley techniques of which story telling is the one. Stories involve the detailed narrative of management actions and decision-making styles, employee activities and interaction and other events within the division that are commu nicated informally within the organization.A story can be defined as telling of a happening or a committed series of happenings whether true or fictitious (Deeding, 2001). This involved the group interaction and collaboration for story telling. The SEC model developed by Knock and Takeouts also supports that story telling or narratives can be used to bring out tacit knowledge. Fig 1 SEC Model by Monika and Takeouts Here, colonization process is involve which emphasizes the tacit knowledge exchange through Joint activities such as gathering, spending time unitedly, informal talks and living and working in the same environment rather than through written or verbal instructions.The process of transferring ones ideas or images directly to colleagues or subordinates means to share personal knowledge and create commonplace or Baa. During extrapolation process, an individual commits to the group and thus becomes one with the group. The individuals intentions and ideas merge and become int egrated with the groups mental world. This involves the expressing of ideas or images as communicable manner such as metaphors, analogies, event description or narratives. A number of conditions must be in place, however, in order to ensure that storytelling in its various enacted forms creates value in a particular organization.Sole and Wilson (2002) argue that although all stories are narratives, not all narratives are good knowledge-sharing stories. As an example, they cite movies, which tell stories intentional primarily to entertain and therefore need not necessarily be authentic-?or even believable. In contrast, in organizational storytelling, stories are often used to promote knowledge sharing, inform, and/or prompt a change in behavior, as well as communicate the organizational culture and create a sense of belonging.In order to achieve these organizational objectives, knowledge-sharing stories need to be authentic, believable, and compelling. Stories need to evoke some typ e of response, and, above all, they need to be concise Deeding, 2001), so that the moral of the story or the organizational lesson to be learned can be easily understood, remembered, and acted upon. In other words, organizational stories should have an impact they should frustrate similar mistakes from being repeated, or they should promote organizational learning and adoption of best practices stemming from the collective organizational memory.Deeding (2001) describes the power of a springboard story, knowledge that has been captured in the form of a brief story that has the ability to create a strong impact on its audience. He outlines a number of key elements need to use stories to encapsulate valuable knowledge, such as The explicit story should be relatively brief and detailed Just enough that the audience can understand it. The story must be intelligible to the specific audience so that they are hooked.The story should be inherently interesting. The story should spring the l istener to a new level of understanding. The story should have a happy ending. The story should embody the change message. The change message should be implicit. The listeners should be encourage to identify with the protagonist. The story should ell with a specific individual or organization. The protagonist should be prototypical of the organizations main business. Other things being equal, true is better than invented.One should running play, test, and test again Story telling and KM processes involved in context of MM. IBM has leverage on the power of story telling at the daily work place to enhance the employees performance. IBM has a four-spot-stage storytelling approach. 1 . Anecdotal elicitation through interviews, observation and story circles 2. Anecdotal deconstruction to analyses heathenish issues, ways of working, values, rules and beliefs to lied the storys key messages 3. Intervention / communication design with a story constructed or enhanced 4.Story deployment S tory telling workshops can be run to elicit the knowledge and cultural values of an organization as well as both its best and inhibitors to sharing and identifies business issues. Values, rules and beliefs of organization were identified. Storytelling provides the platform to the employees to share experiences and build social nifty and networks and most importantly it achieves agreement among the participants The knowledge management framework developed by Olivia and Lieder (2001 a) is based n the view of organizations as knowledge systems.According to this view, organization consists of four knowledge processes Creation Storage / Retrieval Transfer Application Here in case of MM, knowledge creation process takes place by the creation of anecdotes, which are captured as tacit knowledge, and they are stored in a repository and aligned with communities, processes and subject areas. This shows the knowledge storage process.Then the knowledge transfer takes place through support discu ssion forums (lunch and learn), databases, intellectual capital, management systems (training), document management systems, bulletin boards, inline chats, portals (community kick-off days) and intranets. Ultimately, the people who make communities do the knowledge application process. The effective communities have valuable stories. Practice of dedicated Story Telling Sessions The practice of dedicated story telling sessions in some organizations have proved the increased level of knowledge exchange among employees.For example, NASA, Deducted and Malaysian university have Km initiative in form of story telling sessions. The ITEMS (Information Services and Media Services) Department has its own storytelling sessions. There are two storytelling session ITEMS Sharing Session- It involves the staffs from whole ITEMS department and it is conducted once a week to share the stories on the problems encountered and the solutions. Toolbox Session-alt only involves the units in ITEMS departme nt. It gathers the support unit employees to share their stories on the problems raised.They have one program to stimulate KM storytelling called Buddy program. In Buddy program, two employees from different department are paired together to work as a single department. Junior staff is paired with senior academic acting as mentor. Conclusion Stories are powerful conveyors of content and tacit knowledge and been in use from ancient times. It helps to share knowledge with context and emotion. It triggers the listeners to respond with other stories building new understanding.Stories can capture and hold the attention increasing the likelihood of hearing and listening. Story telling is very valuable in story telling network. Any organization has a set of its memories embedded from the time of its inception. These memories are the skills and knowledge of its employees while in an organization over the years of operation. So, the organizational memory has its role on forming the knowledg e base of the organization. Employees can use the organization memory to learn and improve the effectiveness of their work.Employees knowledge can be stored and then information and knowledge can be shared by KM. Organizational memory is one of intangible assets of one organization it stores past experiences and knowledge, supports organization strategy and improves organization effectiveness. Accordingly, it is important to establishment and ontogeny of organizational memory for KM. Organizational culture can be stored by story, and it is one of retention facilities of organizational memory.The idea, spirit, and culture of organizations can be passed down by storytelling. Through storytelling, organization members emotionally connect to their organization and then identify their organization. Storytelling can store organizational culture, convey experience and knowledge, and improve acquisition, retention, and maintenance of process of organizational memory management. Organizatio n value and spirit can be conveyed effectively by storytelling.

Managerial accounting question answers

If an investment does not fit with an organizations st cropgic plan, It Is probably not a good Idea, even If the net present grade Is positive. Under what conditions would this be a true statement? When would It be false? The statement is gener solelyy true. Investments should be made that ar consistent with the companys strategy. Sometimes a deal comes along that is too good to pass up. In such a case, a company might depart from its strategic plan (or alteration the plan to accommodate the investment) 2.A film with an opportunity cost of capital of 15 percent faces two mutually exclusive investment projects a. Acquire goods at the bulge of the year, ship them to Japan, and sell them at the end of the year. The internal rate of return is 20 percent and it has a positive NP. B. Make certain expenditures today that depart cause reported earnings for the year to decline. This leave result In large cash flows at the end of the second and third years.The Internal rate of return on this project Is 30 percent and It has a larger NP than the first project. Management observes that for the current year the second reject will result in smaller earnings reported to shareholders than the first. How might managements observation ferment its choice between the two investment projects? NAS Sometimes, because of the conservatism of financial accounting, expenditures that are Investments are not capitalized, but are written off currently, depressing current earnings but boosting future earnings.Such a phenomenon may well influence management to prefer projects with short-term benefits at the cost of ignoring longer-term projects with even larger benefits but which take more time to benefit reported earnings. . The flexible figure is a poor benchmark. The master budget Is all that is necessary. Give me your thoughts on these two statements. The flexible budget and master budget serve two opposite purposes. The master budget is a planning device, while the flexible bu dget is a control device.The master budget is the benchmark, or goal, based on all the information available at the time of preparation. It gives the profit goal for the upcoming period, based on an estimated direct of activity. Although the firm may aim for that estimated level of activity, it may achieve above or below it. The flexible budget is then used to determine what revenues and cost should have been, given the actual activity level attained for the period.The use off flexible budget allows managers to separate volume variances from those due to differences in unit selling prices, unit variable costs, and fixed costs from the master budget. 4. Multi-Nationals around the world use master budgets, but there is considerable variation in who is involved in the process. In some countries, companies oftentimes use top-down budgeting while others use participative budgeting. Why it Is Important to know who within each company is

Nationalism and the origins of The first world war Essay

When world-wide war broke out in 1914 dreams of domain peace and prosperity were shattered. Accordingly, the First macrocosm contend was arguably cardinal of the close to traumatic episodes in the history of international affairs. Geopolitically speaking, the First World War (also described as WWI in this essay) was unprecedented in both scale and virtuous loss of human life. Never before had the world witnessed such carnage and violence perpetuated by the use of modern technology.The First World War fey much of the world and the implications of this skirmish reverberated across the globe. quest to understand the historical explanations as well as the role that nationalism played in the blast of the First World War, this essay pass on explore the multiple causes of the development of global hostilities in 1914. Using a three pronged analytical model, the causes of the WWI will be discusses with reference to the pre-conditions and precipitants for conflict and the trigg ers which sparked the war.Understanding that WWI was an international event with global repercussions, we will analyze the various antecedents for the takings of armed conflict through a multi-causal approach. This essay will argue that a variety of factors led to the outbreak of the First World War and while there is not one private causal explanation for the emergence of global conflict in 1914, a proper explanation of the origins of this conflict takes into account the amalgamation of each of these factors.While nationalism was an fundamental factor spark advance to the outbreak of international conflict mingled with the warring parties, this essay will argue that in fact, nationalism was an important precursors to the emergence of conflict but the sole and deciding force in the violence which erupted on the shores of Europe and reverberated across the planet. Although the First World War has recently been overshadowed in the aftermath of the WWII, this conflict was the firs t in terms of scale and sheer destruction and thus continues to be worthy of scholarly analysis. Nationalism in transnational AffairsNationalism is an important force in international relations and has been so for centuries. As a basic principle of the international order, concepts of state sovereignty are intrinsic to our understanding of the world system. Accordingly, the international system is predicated upon the existence of nation-states and nationalism is a belief or superstar of identity within the nation. The conformity of Westphalia established the principle of state sovereignty, another fundamental principle of the international order which established the nation-state as an autonomous political entity.Similar to tribalism or a sense of social kinship, nationalism as a potent political force began in Europe in the easy eightieth century and was connected with a decline in overall religiosity, the development of industrialization, Enlightenment thoughts and a concerte d labor by political elites to build states. By inculcating a sense of nationalist fervor in the citizens of their respective countries, elites substantiate been able to manipulate nationalism for political purposes. Mass mobilization towards a variety of specific causes through an appeal to nationalist sentiment has been used as a political tool for centuries.Although not only a negative force, nationalism remains an important ordering principle of the international system and a force to be reckoned with (Anderson 2006). Preconditions to the Outbreak of Conflict There were a variety of preconditions to the emergence of the conflict, which up until that date, had been the largest that the world had ever seen. The First World War represented the dueling alliances of the Triple Entente composed of Britain, France and Russia and the Triple Alliance comprised of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.Pre-conditions are best described as the precursors to conflict and there were many u nderlying long-term causes for the belligerent behaviour of the states of Europe in 1914. An arms race, underway for years, and growing at a rapid stones throw just prior to the emergence of the First World War set the stage for violent conflict between the major states of the region. Accordingly, the arms race occurring at the time exacerbated the global balance of power and led to an increased likelihood of aggressive behavior between the armies of Europe.As the European armies grew and competed with one another for size, manpower and prestige, the naval race between German and Britain contributed to a partition of the major states of the continent into two opposing camps. Competition was surely facilitated by nationalist tendencies and a desire to counterbalance the political, diplomatic and military ambitions of ones rival. In addition to international arms races, domestic pressures and a willingness of the part of the citizens of some countries to lead in war helped precipit ate the conflict.Accordingly, the diplomatic isolation of Germany, Austro-Hungary was another important contributor to the outbreak of global war in 1914. German nationalism, largely ignored in the settlement of the Congress of Vienna almost one hundred years before, did experience a resurgence particularly after the imposition of what was so conceived by many to be an unfair Treaty in Vienna and gained prominence in the middle to late nineteenth century and early 20th century.Accordingly, a German nationalism movement led a revolution to unify the country in 1871 a similar movement in Italy served to connect that country in 1861 and remained an important, although not solely important, force in attempting to explain the preconditions of conflict in 1914 (Joll and Martel 1992). In addition to the pre-conditions above, a series of crises from 1904-1914 also helped pave the way for the emergence of the First World War and were important pre-cursors to this conflict. The First Mor occan Crisis from 1905-1906 resulted in a German offensive which created the Entente.This was followed by the Bosnia-Herzegovina Crisis of 1908/1909 in which Austria-Hungary formally annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina. This important precursor to future conflict forced Russia to reevaluate its geopolitical situation and in turn view Germany and Austro-Hungary as a potential threat. The consequence Moroccan Crisis (1911-1912) united Russia, Britain and France against Germany and was an important stabilizer for the Triple Entente informal alliance. The final conflicts which were important pre-conditions to the outbreak of violence in 1914 were the Balkan Wars 1912-13.These series of wars removed the poove Empire from the equation and led to an impressive German arms build-up (Strachan 2001 Joll and Martel 1992). On the Cusp of War Precipitants to Conflict Precipitants are short-term crises that made the war appear inevitable and a series of crises, beginning with the assassination in Saraj evo of Franz-Ferdinand, Archduke of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, made large-scale war in Europe seem like an inevitability. In fact, the months of late June/early July were replete with crises beginning with the violent assassination in Serbia of the Archduke of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.Assassinated on Serbias national day by a violent terrorist organization, the dingy Hand, this event alone is described by many observers of the First World War as perhaps the most monumental precipitant to the outbreak of hostilities between the major powers of Europe. Following his violent death at the hands of a Serbian nationalist, Germany unilaterally represented the right of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to respond as it cut fit. This led to successive increases in belligerence on both situations and an ultimatum by Austria-Hungary to Serbia (Strachan 2001 Joll and Martel 1992). Triggers and the Outbreak of WarThere are a variety of direct antecedents to the War of 1914 and the following w ill describe the important triggers for the worlds largest military mobilization to-date in the aftermath of the assassination of Franz-Ferdinand, Archduke of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. While there is not one single event which explains the emergence of large-scale conflict, the following will chart the important triggers which led to the internationalization of conflict and the explosion of a truly global war. Serbias rejection of the ultimatum put forth by the Austro-Hungarian represented a desire on its part to safeguard its independence.By rejecting the Austro-Hungarian ultimatum and seeking Russian support, the Serbian republic unwittingly set the stage for the bloodiest war the world had ever known. Serbian intransigence and refusal to acquiesce to the demands of Austria-Hungary set the stage for Russian involvement which internationalized the conflict and importantly increased its scope. At the time, the Russian army was the largest army on the planet and the inclusion of Russia into the dispute significantly increased its scope and explosive potential.Following the base of Russia into the equation, the first four days of August 1914 proved to significantly expand the horizons of the conflict. During those first few days of the month, Germany declared war on Russia and its ally France, leading to the mobilization of Britain and the further internationalization of belligerence. Germanys decision to declare war on Russia and the Entente powers represented an important expansion of the conflict on the side of the Triple Alliance and set the stage for the mobilization and later involvement of Britain in the brewing hostilities (Strachan 2001 Joll and Martel 1992).Origins of the Mass War and Nationalism At the outbreak of World War One, states mobilized what scholars have described as mass wars the uniquely modern phenomenon of warfare developed in the twentieth century which required the wholesale diversionary attack of economies, labour and national p roductivity towards the war effort (44). Accordingly, from 1914 on, wars were unmistakably mass warssuch a level of mass mobilization cannot be maintained merely by a modern high-productivity industrialized economy. (Hobsbawm 1994).State apparatuses grew and mass wars required governments to mobilize people, resources, and armaments to serve the war effort. Citizens were conscripted to fight, industry was instructed to produce arms, and the government became intimately problematical in the physical composition of monopolistic war economies. Although nationalism did play a role in the establishment of war economies and the growth of military-industrial complexes built up to support the war effort, many factors account for call to arms and the descent into extreme bloodshed and violence during the First World War.Mass mobilization towards the war effort was certainly helped by nationalist fervor as the belligerent parties prepared for conflict which until then would have been on a n unimaginable scale, but as has been shown above, nationalism is just one part of the equation in attempting to explain the origins of the First World War (Hobsbawm 1994). Concluding Remarks As one of the most traumatic episodes in the history of the world, the First World War represented geopolitical conflict on an unprecedented scale.Never before had the world witnessed such carnage, bloodshed and violence. Seeking to understand the historical explanations and discuss the role that nationalism has played in the outbreak of the First World War, this essay has explored the antecedents for conflict in 1914. Important preconditions, precipitants and triggers have accounted for the emergence of this conflict. Nationalism, although an important factor which can help explain the emergence of World War One, is actually only one aspect of the overall conditions which lay the groundwork for World War One.Nationalism may be a guiding principle of the international order but a focus which ex clusively explores the role of nationalism in the causes of war gives an incomplete picture of this global conflict. While nationalism may have been a force in the establishment of alliances in Europe, there were a handful of other preconditions, precipitants and triggers which led to this conflict. As this essay has shown, many factors led to the violent episode now known as the Second World War and while each factor differed in substance, each contributed to the emergence of the War to End All Wars.REFERENCES Anderson, B. 2006. Imagined Communities. New York Verso. Hobsbawm, E. 1994. Age of Extremes The concisely History of the Twentieth Century 1914-1991. capital of the United Kingdom Abacus. James Joll, J. and G. Martel. 1992. The Origins of the First World War. New York Longman. McEvedy, C. 2003. The New Penguin Atlas of History. New York Penguin. Strachan, H. 2001. The Oxford Illustrated History of the First World War. London Oxford University Press.

Organizational Commitment Essay

The focal top of trenchant human resource management (HRM) is on managing people within the employer-employee kindred. As banks ar considered a very critical industry of the economy, it is important that the workforces leap outing these banks argon well motivated and are rough-and-ready in delivering the necessary work output. It includes the productive utilization of employees to achieve the schemes business objectives and satisfy individual employee needs (Stone, 1998). HRM assays to strategi treaty combine the interests of an organization and its employees (McGraw, 2003).Consequently, ineffective HRM can be a major barrier to employee pleasure and organization success (McGraw, 2003). HRM practices in the banking industry play a key position in attracting, motivating, rewarding, and retaining employees. HRM practices include recruiting employees, selecting employees, designing work, compensating employees, and developing good labor and employee relations (Noe, 2005). For the purpose of this study, the researcher bundled five particularised human resource management practices.These are HR planning, training, go victimisation, performance estimation, and employee participation programs. The researcher chose to bundle HRM practices since bundled HRM practices produce interrelated and complimentary functions. For example, training and development, and performance appraisal overlap each others results. The appraisal of an employees performance will show potentials and identify gaps in employees knowledge, skills, and abilities that will be filled in by training and development.Furthermore, the alignment of HR practices produce synergy change to increase productivity and incorporate financial performance (Huselid, 1995). Bundled HRM practices total to overall firm performance by motivating employees to take aim desired attitudes and behaviors (Bowen & Ostroff, 2004). Moreover, Chang (2005) argues that employees perceived HR practice as an exclusi ve and single practice rather than separate and diverse fields. According to Fishbeins (1963) an individuals overall attitudes towards each HRM practices can be represented by a summation of the belief held about each HR practices.It is important to study HRM practices and its relationship with work related attitudes, and behaviors. Attitude is a mental state of readiness that is organized through experience, applying a dynamic influence on the individuals response to objects and situations to which it is related such as job satisfaction and organizational trust. (Allport, 1935). On the other hand, behaviors are manners in which an individual or concourse conduct and respond to his/her environment like Organizational Citizenship Behaviors or OCBs ( Robbins, 2005).Employee perception of organizational banking practices and working conditions within the banks of Jamaica influence employee attitudes and behavior (Guest, 2001). Existing organizational practices within banks in Jamaica such as HRM should facilitate the development of desired employee attitudes and behavior that contribute to enhance firm performance. Previous studies fuddle found that positive perceptions of HRM practices accept to positive employee attitudes and behaviors such as job satisfaction (Guest, 1999), organizational trust, organizational commitment, organizational justice (Greenberg, 1990).Job satisfaction, organizational trust and OCBs were the variables selected to be studied in relation with HRM practices as these three elements are key factors in organizational effectiveness and these variables are considered understudied. These facets affect and overlap each others functions and outputs that contribute to the development of HRM practices. Furthermore, this study contributes to the literature by examining a wide breadth of outcome measures within the same study.The study extends HRM literature in three ways. First, it provides extra research in the examining the role of HRM pract ices to employee attitudes and behaviors since there are limited studies in HRM conceptualized as a bundle (Chang, 2005 Guest, 2004 Huselid 1995). Second, it examines the proposition of Morrison (1996) on the role of HRM practices in contributing to extra-role behaviors. An examination of HRM literature revealed that there has no study conducted investigating HRM to organizational citizenship behaviors.Third, it also simultaneously examines HRM, job satisfaction, organizational trust, and OCBs in one study. Previous studies have examined these variables separately. For example, Ellickson (2002) and Bradley, Petrescu, and Simmons (2004) conducted the study on HRM practices to job satisfaction, Tzafrir (2004) examined HRM practices to organizational trust. Furthermore, since there are limited studies on HRM practices within the banking industry this would contribute to the importance of HRM practices in the management organization. follow of Related Literature Human Resource Managemen t Practices HRM contribute to the attainment of an organizations competitive advantage through the strategic implementation of a highly committed and competent workforce using an integrated range of cultural, structural, and soulfulnessnel techniques. Effective HRM leads to an organization success by developing employees that contributes to the delivery of products and services bring client satisfaction, business results, and shareholder value (Stone, 1998).The main purpose of HRM is to improve the productive contribution of people wherein the employees are being heard by the management and dower the employees to find new resources that enable them to successfully perform their jobs (Ulrich, 1997). The role played by human resource functions is best explained by determining the key objectives that they seek to align strategies, develop effective policies, systems and activities which are significant to the firms overall success (Torrington, Hall & Taylor, 2002 Storey, 1995).HRM f unctions are critical in running an effective organization. Organizations need to have a competitive HRM functions in order to maintain a competent workforce and attain business objectives (Newman & Hodgetts, 1998). HRM function includes planning, training and development, career development, performance appraisal, and employee relations. These functions help organizations to facilitate strategies that allow them to achieve efficiency and effectiveness (Stone, 1998). HRM functions must change in manner that it accomplishes new roles and new competencies.It also has to be transformed to deal creatively and practically with the emerging challenge. HRM practices have a tangible and various intangible organizational consequences. Prior researches have found support for the role of HRM practices in predicting organizational commitment (Davidson, 1998), job satisfaction (Bradley et al. , 2004), and procedural justice (Edgar & Geare, 2005). Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction is a pleasurabl e unrestrained state resulting from the valuation of his or her work (Locke, 1976 Steijn, 2002).Even though job satisfaction is a highly personal experience, there are a government issue of facets that seem to contribute the most to feelings of job satisfaction. Steijn (2002) stated that mentally challenging work, adequate compensation pay, career opportunity, the ready availability of promotions, people that are friendly, considerate, or good-natured superiors contribute to job satisfaction (Johns & Saks, 2000). For instance, the ready availability of promotions is positively related to job satisfaction.The promotion given enhances the perception of the employees that they are valued complete by the organization (Garrido, Perez, & Anton, 2005). Previous studies have shown that compensation (Bassett, 1994), opportunity for advancement (Schneider, 1994), psychological climate, and leadership manner (Howell & Frost, 1989) are antecedents of job satisfaction. Organizational corpora te trust Trust is an individuals expectation, assumption, or belief about the likelihood that a nonhers future action will be beneficial, favorable, or at to the lowest degree not detrimental to ones interests (Meyer, Davis, & Schoorman, 1995).Trust is considered to be an essential component in organizations since it is a consistent instrument that supports organizational change and development in an unpredictable environment than hierarchical power and direct surveillance (Kramer & Tyler, 1996). Several studies clearly indicate that the formation of trust within workplace relationships is composite and elusive (Tzafrir, 2003). Furthermore, workplace trust is a necessary element for the development of competitive advantage through support, co-operation, and improvement of systems.Trust is viewed as a gas of the social foundation that begins interactions among parties (Mayer & Davis, 1999). According to Kramer and Tyler (1996), there is a need for organizational trust for the rea son of there are organizational needs that are not to be disclosed and one of the elements to address these requirements are employees that trusts their organization. Currall and Judge (1995) defined trust as an individuals reliance on another person under conditions of dependence and risk. Dependence operator that ones outcomes are reliant on the trustworthy or untrustworthy behavior of another.Furthermore, risk means that one would experience negative outcomes from the other persons untrustworthy behavior (Kramer & Tyler, 1996). Previous studies have shown that psychological contract breach (Costa 2001), leadership style and organizational communication are antecedents of organizational trust. Organizational Citizenship Behavior Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCBs) are behaviors that are discretionary, indirectly seen or recognized by the authorised compensation system, and as a whole encourage the effective functioning of an organization (Organ, 1998).It is also defined a s an employee behavior that is above and beyond the call of duty and is therefore discretionary and not rewarded in the context of an organizations formal reward structure (Konovsky & Pugh, 1994). Social exchange is an explanatory mechanism to obtain OCBs. It refers to relationships that entail unspecified future obligations. Social exchange is a critical element in understanding OCBs. It is the theoretical basis and the starting point for OCBs to obtain.When HRM practices offered by the organization are perceived favorable by employees, they tend to reciprocate by OCBs (Organ, 1998). For example, when supervisors treat employees fairly, social exchange and the norm of reciprocity (Gouldner, 1960) regularise that employees reciprocate, and OCBs are the avenue for employees reciprocation. There are five dimensions of OCBs (Organ, 1998). First is altruism that involves all discretionary behaviors that have the effect of serving a specific other person with an organizationally importa nt task or problems.The second is conscientiousness it is the extent that a person goes well beyond the satisfactory or required level in work attendance the person exemplifies the brand of OCBs. Third is sportsmanship which the employees goodwill in tolerating less than ideal circumstances without complaining and qualification a federal case out of small potatoes. The fourth dimension is civic virtue which is the behavior that shows a concern for participating in corporate life for example, by performing tasks that they are not required to perform, and doing so for the benefit of the organization.It also implies a sense o involvement in what policies are adapted and which candidates are supported. The last dimension is courtesy which involves such actions as touching base with those parties whose work would be affected by ones decision or commitments. Touching base refers to actions done by employees that their co-employees values (Organ, 1998). Previous studies have shown that p rocedural justice (Alotaibi, 2001 Organ, 1998), organizational commitment (Alotaibi, 2001 Mayer & Allen, 1997 Moorman et al. , 1993 ), and job satisfaction (Alotaibi, 2001 Moorman et al. , 1993) leads to OCBs.

Recognizing Women artists Essay

Linda Nochlins article tries to bring to light the differences that exist between work force and women art and how this disparity has been linked to the distinct nature of men and women. However, Nochlin believes that the differences that may exist in art do non come about as a proceeds of ones gender but rather these discrepancies are influenced by particular social institutions. This, Nochlin says, is because art develops in a specific social bunk and that it is usually a fundamental component of that social structure.Nochlin further explains that art basin not be considered a free self-directed activity that can be influenced by social forces since it crops up in a social situation, gender, previous artists and other things normally considered influential notwithstanding (Nochlin, 1988, pp. 147-158). As a result therefore, Nochlin states how feminity does not count when it comes to evaluation of considerable artists. Therefore Nochlin defines the background of some of the gre at artists like Picasso who came from already artist families.Nochlin to a fault cites how the works of Redon and Corot, both male, had a feminist touch thus it could not be concluded that women art should be classified according to its own standards. This argument makes sense because art is not gender based rather it is learned through teaching, apprenticeship or even from a long experience period (Nochlin, 1988, pp. 147-158). I agree with Nochlins reason out because one can not classify art as masculine or feminine. When one sees a chip of art, what comes out is the expression captured in that piece of work and not the masculine or feminine touch in it.Therefore Nochlins argument is sound because even if it is assumed that women artists are inward-looking, overdelicate and nuanced in their art pieces, other male artists also exude such characteristics in their work. For instance Redons pieces were inward turning and Corots art was also delicate and nuanced (Nochlin, 1988, pp. 147-158). Nochlins side relies upon the assumptions that great art is a result of intelligence and talent. It is not merely influenced by gender, social class or either other social forces.This is true because great artists like Michelangelo contractd exemplary pieces because of the talent they had and not because of social influences. Further still, artists such as Giotto became great artists even though he started off drawing on stone. It is the intelligence and talent that he had in art that elevated his work to great art (Nochlin, 1988, pp. 147-158). Besides, Nochlins position also relies on the assumption that the creation of art entails its own form of language.What is more, this language comes to life in paper and not in a mere story that could be told to another party thus disregarding the feminist notion in art. This argument is true because art is learned and perfected through experience and this means that regardless of gender artists with the experience can bring out great art work (Nochlin, 1988, pp. 147-158). Therefore this means that women can produce great art as much as men because art is not gender based. Art is learned and comes to perfection from a period of experience.Besides, great art is also primarily a result of an individuals intelligence and talent therefore other social forces are just inessential factors in the creation of great art. This therefore implies that women art can be accorded much attention and appreciation if only people could get a deeper discernment into what art really entails (Nochlin, 1988, pp. 147-158). Reference Nochlin L. (1988). Why have there been no great women artists? Women, Art and Power and Other Essays. Westview Press.

Response Paper on “Harrison Bergeron” by Kurt Vonnegut

The short tale of Harrison Bergeron is something that isnt very new to me. Way back in high school, we were tasked to read this in one and only(a) of our Literary Circles sessions. I took a quick look at it and particularly enjoyed how short the story was. Today, having finally read a good selection of interest stories, I decided to take a deeper and much more complete look at it. I can definitely say that despite it macrocosm rather short, Harrison Bergeron was a story just oozing in meaning and symbolisms. Harrison Bergeron makes us think twice on just how far we want to go to push for equality.In 2081, total equality is achieved but at a cost sacrificing freedom and individual skill and talent. The three main characters also symbolizes unlike types of people who have different views toward the law set by the Handicapper General. George Bergeron to me was pretty much your average Joe. Despite him being blessed with substantial intelligence, he simply decides to get by and observ e all the rules properly, being content with the system and afraid of consequences. Hazel Bergeron on the other hand, was really just an absent-minded girl in a place where oblivious and unaware was the new average.She had nothing special to offer, therefore was never even handicapped. Her obliviousness and instantaneously stupidity simply shadows over her kindness and good intentions. And finally, Harrison Bergeron, who was the perfect specimen. He literally had it all, which made the government fear him and did everything in its power to contain him. Harrison precious to showcase his abilities to the world and this ultimately led to his death. With this, we are shown that superiority amongst others will not be tolerated.To end, I feel like this story faces us with a dilemma, whether to simply get by, and live with rules and laws that are clearly unfair and wrong or be like Harrison, who is condemned for being the gifted and talent-laden man that he really was. Id also like to po int out how this story takes on a completely different angle as a slight jab to improper governments. Vonnegut may just be trying to show us how the government tries to control and ultimately, censor our very thoughts and ideas, hence limiting our potential to grow and choke more aware and active with regards to such issues.

To Be a Successful Learning Team

To Be sure-fire Learning team up Foundations of University Studies/ GEN/195 Laura Elsner 1/2/2013 To Be Successful as a Learning Team Cooperation and communication are the main ingredients when it comes to a successful learning team. Effective team management is a vital part of becoming a successful learning team. Success is non final, failure is non fatal it is the courage (Thomas, E 2012) says it best. Just because we are successful on one project, does not stand for failure give not revisit us. It is the trust and confidence that we put in to each early(a) that makes failure obsolete.Being in a learning team at the University of genus Phoenix has really been a bully experience. When working in a multitude, it is important to first get a tincture for your separate members. In our learning team, we are extremely lucky that we get along and gel great together. When working in a team, that is one of the most important ingredients to this puzzle. Also, we have had an opport unity to get together for a non University of Phoenix related activity and it has also given us a chance to get a feel for each other outside of the school type atmosphere.We felt that was a very important piece of the team bonding experience. We also scan that we all have different learning styles but fortunately there not too far off from one another. When we first formed our sort, we understood how a great deal more important it is to get together and fiddle as opposed to disciplineing to do a conference call with one another. We decided that at least once a week, we leave behind meet at the Kalamazoo Public Library to do our learning team assignments so there is no surprise with what accepts to be done and what our individual responsibilities are.Trusting your team members is another vital piece to the learning team puzzle. If you substructurenot trust the members of your learning team, it will be difficult for everyone to participate and it can also deter the group in whatever assignment that needs to be completed. Although, trust is earned and not given, every group member needs to understand that the most important thing is the completion of the assignment and every group member needs to pull his or her own weight. Less ssertive team members will be encourage by the atmosphere of trust in an effective learning team to take on a more directive, custodial role on occasions. The more assertive will learn that their success depends on the success of the entire team, and they will become more aware of the value of team work and articulate effort in achieving goals (Baker University Handbook, 2010 ). When assigning tasks to different group members in your learning team, you want to assign the tasks that will appeal to a persons strengths.If you have a member that is not very old(prenominal) with a computer or someone that is not very proficient at typing, then you do not want to put that person in charge of typing your project. You want to try to give to everyones strengths, while at the same time, working to strengthen some of their weaknesses. If you have the opportunity to consider your group members, it is important to choose people that you are able to get along with. Also, you want to try to bring some diversity to the group. Different people bring different things to the table, both good and bad.It is not always a good idea to bring someone in to your group because they are your takeoff booster or you like hanging out with them. Remember, the main goal of the learning team is to have maximum participation and most of all, completing the assignment, the right way. By understanding what you need to accomplish and the steps you need to take in order to accomplish your mission, working as a learning team can be extremely beneficial to all parties involved. Those who want success should think like a planter.They should understand that having the right seed is an essential key to success, but they must also understand that the soil that they bank to the seed is just as vital Can you honestly say the environment(s) you are in will yield the kind of harvest you are expecting? (Thomas, E 2012). References https//twitter. com/EricThomasQuote http//www. bakeru. edu/images/pdf/AC_schools/Learning-Team-Handbook. pdf http//www. thegreatnessmind. com/2011/12/28/inspiring-quotes-from-eric-thomas-et-the-hip-hop-preacher-and-the-secrets-to-success/

A Critique of Theoretical Models

In How to help approximate deal salmagundi, Dr. Jay Adams (1986) does not present a model of advise per se. Instead, he provides an analysis, better yet and interpretation 2 Timothy 316. The interpretation is presented definitively as the sole method of acceptable counselor from a Christian and biblical context. One major flaw in his work is the underlying theological presupposition that single Christian mickle utilizing the framework he outlines can offer a process for counseling that results in what he calls acceptable change. some some other unreasonable position held by Adams is the imagination that change is only acceptable if it is toward paragon (p. 6).While this is certainly true in regards to salvation and the biblical directive to be a living sacrifice before God (NASB, Romans 121), hitherto Jesus ac lastledged that twain the good and the unrighteous live under some measure of Gods grace and benefit (Matthew 545). It is unsustainable to hold a position that u nredeemed persons are not able to observe Gods purpose and design in humanity and offer some level of help, in the context of counseling, even if it is not totally in alignment with Gods Word. I admire Adams stance and valuate on Scripture.In his book, he presents a view of the Bible that is an essential inhabitant of the Judeo-Christian worldview and value system. Nevertheless, he does not allow for elements of Gods truth to be discovered or evaluated from a stead outside of the pages of Scripture. Adams says that if it is a truth that is necessary to counseling, it will be found already in a purer form in the Bible (p. 39). Honestly, one nearly has to reject intellectual credibility to formulate this grammatical case of statement because the Bible simply does not address a lot of issues tackled in the therapeutic sessions today.I ask what would be Adams solution for a clients disorderly and unrestrained familiar habit-forming behavior. The send-off solution would be to direc t them to the Bible verses that as a Christian, they already know. Another solution would be to remind them that they should be reading the Bible and praying more than ever. In reality, if neither of those approaches work, thus the nouthetic counseling approach would intermit that a person is one whom God has turned over to their birth degrading passions (NASB, Romans 1 26) thus breaking fellowship with them.Logically, one could see and would reason that sexual addictive behavior is root in an intimacy disorder, therefore once that is understood, biblical principles and theological understandings should under-gird the counselors approach to helping a counselee work towards healthy healing with the dilemma. According to Adams (1986), people must first hear the gospel, believe, and be saved (p. 12). Seriously, this cannot be the first step in a counseling model. I believe that it would be a desired goal and that it could even be the best.Conversely, the counselor must occupy a per son where he or she is in life. Furthermore, it may be that a therapeutic kin of trust must be built before the counselor even has an opportunity to introduce the idea of a relationship with Christ. In addition, even though it sounds unspiritual to say, the counselor must accept that some people are able to adjust and live well as non-Christian persons. They may not end up going to Heaven, but we cannot deny that some non-Christians live seemingly fulfilled lives.Dr. William Backus and Marie Chapian (2000) offer a good biblically based cognitive-behavior resource for dealing with feeling based concerns where cognitive awareness exists or is readily hearty in their book Telling Yourself the Truth. In addition, this writing provides a good dialogue about a Christian perspective concerning a persons self-worth. However, there are some basic flaws in the model of Christian counseling as presented by Backus and Chapian.It is not acceptable to present the concept of mental attitude as if it only involves cognition (p. 16). In addition, Backus and Chapian offers a very simplistic understanding regarding triggers. It is doubtful that a counselor who works with persons involved in addictive behavior and sexual brokenness concerns would agree with Backus and Chapians etiology of self-hate. The most troublesome aspect of this model is their idea that misbeliefs are the direct cause of emotional turmoil and maladaptive behavior (p. 17).This statement alone demonstrates that Backus and Chapian do not understand conk outmental processes and that their perception concerning the impend impact of childhood experiences is feeble, at best. It is almost an absurdity to conclude that the primordial mental representations, including feelings, which are the foundation garment for the characterological development of a person, language and socialization, are caused by what we tell ourselves about our circumstances (p. 17). Even with such flaws, it is agreed that Backus and Ch apians model is useful in a cognitive-behavioral context concerning many adult concerns.In arrangement their model of counseling as more appropriate than secular methods, Backus and Chapian state that many excellent scientific investigations have demonstrated that it is entirely unnecessary to uncover the childhood antecedents of current behaviors in order to change them (p. 25). However, there was no citation or reference provided to document existence of such scientific studies. self-consistent with Adams, Backus and Chapian ascribe to the theological position that Jesus taught that the truth has freeing power (p. 181).However, Jesus actually said, You shall know the Truth and the Truth shall set you free (NASB, John 832). While Jesus was referring to His spoken word, it is alike important to remember that according to John 11, Jesus is the Word and the context of John 832 presents Jesus as the light of the world. Both writings overemphasize the importance of the Word of God to the point of minimizing the importance of a relationship with Jesus. Backus and Chapians model, as does Adams models, fall short in a range of areas with scores of rationales.One area where the two counseling models are inadequate is in working with trauma-based concerns. thither is no consideration for fear-based trauma memories resulting in cynical planning which bypasses cognitive function. Further there is no consideration in either counseling model for understanding concerns where the etiology of a problem is rooted in an attachment disorder. Of course cognitive-behavioral methods are appropriate in dealing with such concerns. However, it is inadequate to conclude that the sole method of treating attachment pathology is a focused effort towards changing ones idea process.It is interesting that neither Adams nor Backus attempted to provide a framework for personality organization when presenting their counseling model. Rather, they both expend a great deal of effort in standin g against the writings and views of others. It would be desirable that evangelical authors would stop writing about what everyone in the Psychology field is doing wrong. Instead, it would be helpful to develop a theory or model of personality and counseling that all Christian persons could work towards maturing and developing.It seems inefficient to continue presenting emotionally charged views against others at the expense of building our own Christian understandings. References Adams, J. E. (1986). How to help people change The four-step biblical process. Grand Rapids, MI Zondervan. Backus, W. & Chapian, M. (2000). Telling yourself the truth Find your way out of depression, anxiety, fear, anger, and other common problems by applying the principles of misbelieve therapy. Minneapolis, MN Bethany House Publishers.

My First Day at University

My stolon day in buic I remember my first day I had wait all the summer to enter the university. I felt excited and at the same time I was very nervous because it was my first day in the university and I didnt get it on any person. My first day in the university was good and give my love and pain to me. I didnt pick out how to find my severalizeroom. I was lost and I had to ask one person the easy way to go to there. This person was very nice and told me the right direction. I wouldnt find my classroom I arrived to classroom late. When I walked on, I saw some people and I felt strange.I approached to one girl and asked for the classroom. Its so lucky when I knew that we were in the same group, so I felt less nervous. I introduced myself and she the likewise did it, her name is tip. We came in the classroom when the time to start classes began. All our classmates were quiet, nobody talked at all. The teacher arrived early. She started the class and after that we introduced ourse lves. There were many people that came from different areas of over country, they were friendly and interested. tip and I sit closely and talked very much. After that, we spent the rest of the day together until we had to go home.We felt that we rich person many things in common with each other. Day by day, we have been best friends at university and unremarkably helped each other in studies and also in life. At last ,days ago It was a Saturday when I first saw her. Her brown caramel eyes made my heart skip a exhaust for I had never seen anything so breathtaking. Her skin was a russet color and her hair was a risible black. That first moment when we saw each other is engraved in my head. I can palliate hear my heart throbbing loudly in my chest as her eyes landed on me in that small room.We stared at each other as she made her way to the seat in front of me and a smile flicked on her lips to seal that moment. It took a year for me to talk to her we became best friends save not hing more, nothing that I wanted. Her life was mine, her thoughts were mine, she was my world and she didnt even know. Everyone said that we had something between us, she always laughed because she never notice how I shatter every time she notice someone else, but what really washed-up me was the day she broke the news that she was leaving and maybe never coming grit.I am always waiver to remember that day because I had the opportunity to meet more people ,especially made friend with tip. Finally, I think it is natural that on the first day we feel nervous, but this always have a happy ending. thats why I believe my first day in the university was very good. My love for her is like the waves in the sea, it comes and it goes and She made me cry but she also made me laugh. But she never come back to me forever.

Yahoo! Internal Analysis

The Company When bumpkin was founded in 1994 by Stanford Ph. D. students, David Filo and Jerry Yang, it began as their hobby and has evolved into a global taint that has changed the way people communicate with each other, find and access information, and make purchases. Today, hayseed Inc. is the Internets spark advance global consumer and credit line Services Company, offering a comprehensive network of essential function for Web users around the globe as head as businesses of all sizes. As the first online navigational guide to the Web, chawbacon www. yahoo. com) is the attractor in traffic, advertising, household and business user reach. hick is also the around recognized and valuable Internet brand globally, reaching over 345 million unique users in 25 countries and 13 languages. The Only Place Anyone Needs To Go Find Anything, Communicate With Anyone, or Buy Anything do the worlds largest Web audience, hick persist ins focused on becoming increasingly essential to the lives of consumers. Starting with its comprehensive, hand-built directory as well as the popular My Yahoo ervice, Yahoo offers a broad and deep array of communications, avocation and content function in over 100 distinct properties that lead consumers to make Yahoo their floor on the Internet and wireless devices. Fitting the lifestyles of the mobile consumer, Yahoo offers an increasing array of essential, personalized, localized and incidentally information on wireless devices, including wireless phones, two-way pagers and personal digital assistants. Committed to extending content and work beyond the desktop, Yahoo as the largest global mobile audience and the greatest breadth of wireless merchandises and work of any Web content provider. Becoming Increasingly Essential to Businesses & Enterprises Worldwide As the No. 1 Internet network on collective desktops, surpassing a 70 percent reach in the U. S. workplace, Yahoo also offers a range of functions for businesses a nd enterprises of all sizes. Corporate Yahoo is an information vena portae solution that enables companies to communicate and interact directly with their employees, nodes and bundleholders over a secure and scalable platform. Yahoo bare Services is the leading provider of Internet audio and video streaming solutions for corporate and consumer communications, delivering thousands of live and on-demand, corporate events including product launches, commercializeing programs, training/distance learning, keynote addresses, annual parcelholder meetings, and quarterly earnings calls. Yahoo s Small Business services enable small businesses and professionals to establish and grow a business presence with services such as Yahoo Domains, Yahoo Website Services, Yahoo Servers and Yahoo Store. An industry leader in online advertising, Yahoo ffers an integrated set of foodstuffing services through Yahoo Fusion trade that unite Yahoo s media, e-commerce, direct marketing, broadcast, and co mmunication tools to allow clients to find any audience, connect with anyone, and apportion anything. Yahoo s data driven services provide unparalleled soft touching and measurement capabilities far beyond banners, clicks, and conversions. Customized to integrate clients traditional marketing programs online, Yahoo Fusion Marketing programs generate greater guest attainment and retention, extended brand value, and amplifyd sales in todays global marketplace. gussy up AnalysisThe external environment includes all the factors outside the government which provide opportunities or pose threats to the formation. The internal environment refers to all the factors within an organization which impart strengths or cause flunk of a strategic nature . The environment in which an organization exists can be, therefore defined as the opportunities and threats operating in the external environment apart from the strengths and weakness existing in the internal environment. A systematic app roach to understand the environment of Yahoo is the SWOT abstract. Internal Factor Analysis (IFA) of the Yahoo CorporationStrengths The strength is an inherent capacity which an organization uses to gain a strategic and competitive advantage. The strengths of Yahoo Corporation are * Yahoo s Overture is a tremendously profitable Internet advertising business. It focuses on affiliate advertising for large advertising accounts, in the equal way as Googles Adsense programme. This is an big income stream for Yahoo. * Yahoo has over 500 million users of its services and solutions. This makes it a very(prenominal) powerful marketing fellowship, with a very well known brand. Some reports forecast that it is the most popular website in the World. A key long-term strength is Yahoo s external business presence. As the Internet expands and it is adopted by more nations the opportunities for Internet brands begin to emerge. Yahoo is well placed to take advantage of these opportunities wit h its strategic business units in Asia, Europe and Australia. * The Yahoo Directory is an original base of structured information. It has built over the last decade, and unlike mainstream lookup engines, its content is moderated (i. e. sites are vetted before their inclusion). Weaknesses A weakness is an inherent borderation or constraint which creates strategic disadvantages for the company.It is overdependence on a single product line, which is potentially risky. The weaknesses of Yahoo are * As per Jan 2012 data, a survey says yahoos market share in search engine is only 6% * Google already has more than 50% market share and the immediate competitors are Baidu which has same 6% and bing has 4% in search engine * Google being the leading the service provider on the meshing , is grabbing the revenues from advertisements * Most of the services provided by Yahoo are mystic in the net space. * Yahoo is ranked 5th in visitors among video sites. YouTube was first have by Google.T here has been near about 3 % slump per year in Yahoos image search. * Google search results produce double revenues as compared to Yahoo. * Yahoo is losing its market share in mailing services very gradually due to Googles lovesome presence in search engine market and it link product portfolio complementing to search engine services * For Yahoo, differentiation is difficult. Almost all of its services are addressable from other quotations such as Mail services, news, shopping, financial data and business directory services are provided by many others like MSN, CNN, e-bay, Money control and so on The future of Yahoo is uncertain as the engineering science develops and new unforeseen advertising media emerges. * Financial health of the company is not so promising for the investors. The companys assets both in wrong of intangible and tangible are on the declining side. Matching analysis Match the external factors against the internal factors of YAHOO Opportunities Threats * Inte rnet video advertising spending expected to increase by 82% to $610 million by 2009. * Yahoo Inc has purchased Flickr. * Broadband expansion. * Yahoo as a wet and talented employee base. * Yahoo has penetrated markets that are still untouched by competitors. * Google commands about 50% of all online searches and Yahoo has only 24% according to Neilson/NetRating. * Consumer attitudes towards online advertising may give out more negative. * Increasing strength of competitors. * kindly websites such as MySpace and Facebook are now breaking into the online advertising market. * Google is surpassing Yahoo in revenues. Strengths Weaknesses * Yahoo Inc. has beaten Google in the mobile market. * YahooInc. has many more auxiliary products compared to the competition. * Yahoo Inc. has strong brand recognition. * Partnerships with MLB, VISA and NFL. * Access is available to anyone with internet access. * Yahoo is ranked 5th in visitors among video sites. YouTube which is owned by Google is ranked 1st. * Yahoo image search has been declining 3% per year. * Google search results generate twice as much revenue as Yahoo. * Advertising revenues are falling due to Google and other competitors in the market. Alternative strategies or RecommendationsIt is clear that the Yahoo Corporation has faced some major challenges in staying on top of the Internet market. It is suggested that the corporation should continue to grow its customer base. The corporation can grow its customer base by successfully capturing the international market. In addition, Yahoo can enlarge its target customer statistics by including customers outside the age group of 18-34 like people of above 55 years. Yahoo has to fill out itself from the rest of its competitors in the Internet market in order to successfully accomplish these objectives.The alternative dodge that the Yahoo Corporation can adopt is Capturing the international market In capturing the international market, Yahoo has been relatively unsuccessful. Though, Yahoo provides its services in a variety of languages but it has been unable to contend with national companies of other countries. For example, in China, Yahoo holds less than 5% of the total Chinese market share. The majority of the China market is dominated by Chinese search engine known as Baidu. com. In August 2005, Google, the American rival has captured a operative portion i. . approximately 33% of the Chinese market. Moreover, near about 71. 3% of the overall international market has been captured by Google. Some of this percentage was grabbed from Yahoo. Yahoo must ensure that internet access is available to its target market in order to strategically grow its customer base. If the target market does not have the means or ability to access services, Yahoo will not be successful. It is important for Yahoo Corporation to capture international customers during the exposure to the Internet. This can create a comfort-zone for its new users.Yahoo also, sho uld become familiar with the likes, dislikes, habits and other characteristics of each niche of the international market. The company should use conquer marketing channels to create the demand in international market. The marketing techniques like sales promotion, advertising, publicity, etc. will work more effectively to capture international market. Expanding the target market To become successful, it is important for the Yahoo Corporation to expand its target market. It is important that Yahoo tries to capture those who are its first-time Internet users.Through partnerships with telecommunications providers and bank line companies, Yahoo should work to become a primary part of a new Internet service package. Yahoo can successfully get new web users to begin their Internet use. The users use the internet because it allows them to communicate with their friends and family members who are separated geographically. Furthermore, people like the Internet because it allows them to fin d information and items that they cant find elsewhere. With this demographic, travel, leisure and financial information tend to be popular.Yahoo should promote its different offerings in publications and media to obtain the best reach and to focus on the particular areas. Yahoo should publicize itself as a source of health information as well as a site that provides travel information for those who syllabus for retirement. Yahoo should portray itself as a portal of information. Differentiation To remain competitive, Yahoo should adopt and commence new projects. The company should begin as a search engine and expand its offerings by including finance, personals and zealous Jobs and other activities.For example, Yahoo has realized that the potential users of Yahoo music consequently acquire a significant share of the online music industry. The ability to differentiate itself from its competitors is the main reason for the success of Yahoo. To promote new products, Yahoo is able to take advantage of its brand equity and its large user base. Yahoo should not limit itself to fixed media sites. Yahoo should attempt to commence a multimedia Internet project called runner. This video-intensive and web-based reality TV project will focus on a fugitive crisscrossing the country.Yahoo Corporation should also expand its Internet-based market to compete against traditional media. Conclusion Thus, it is concluded that in the dynamic Internet market, Yahoo is a strong and relatively established company. Its core competence includes focus on young adult users, regularly up(a) fixed web sites, driving advertising revenue and encouraging employees to be practical. All this points have been a formula for its success. Yahoo must apply aggressive strategies and maintain healthy financial statement to remain competitive.It is important that Yahoo carefully review all these strategies and examine the timing of its initiatives. The company can extend to its target and growth by hiring competent managers and experienced consultants as well as by be focused on its core competencies. By maintaining the strategies, Yahoo will be able to position itself to become a leader in the race for multimedia domination. An understanding of the external environment in terms of opportunities and threats and the internal environment in term of strengths and weaknesses is important for the existence, growth and profitability of Yahoo Corporation.

Diesel Campaign

In nows society there is a strong emphasis on prudent, well thought out, end making. It is often against social norms to act on impulse. Society as well as affects the way one thinks, making separately person self-conscious and self-aw are of his surroundings. This helps him become more wary of his actions, disallowing (for the most part) uninhibited actions and reactions. However, Diesel, a wear company, indulges the average day citizen to Be stupid. According to Diesels manifesto, which can be accessed through YouTube, this sweat suggests the stupidity of being smart, and emphasizes the need to be stupid (The Official Be Stupid Philosophy). with the use of vibrant colors and fonts and the provocative and chauvinistic nature of the ad, Diesel is truly able to canalize its adept of stupidity. Diesel has many advertisements that are under the Be Stupid campaign. They all use the position of shock to capture the audiences attention. What could be bolder than encouraging stup idity?What the audience provide set first is the vibrant colors. The message is written in a neon yellow that easily captures attention. The borderline matches the message and it immediately grabs the audiences attention. The blanket on which the girl is lying is multicolored and eye-popping. The vibrant colors will allow the reader to stop in the middle of the magazine to look at the ad for a moment. Whats more interesting is the message that is in bold in the leftfield hand corner. It reads, Youll spend more time with your boss. This is written in all bold and all capitals. The fleshly appearance of the message is already attention-grabbing enough, just if that wasnt enough, the message itself is crazy. Its crazy in the sense that it goes against all of societys conventions. Having any type of relationship with a coworker, let alone a boss, is usually frowned upon in most offices. A wise thinker would know not to venture into that area, but one who goes with what he is feeli ng, uninhibited, would not have a problem spending more time with a boss.By making a controversial education, Diesel is able to appeal to the audience, especially to the younger generation. However, this controversial statement promotes promiscuity and unintelligent responses to everyday situations. Not only is the tone of the quote provocative, but the photograph itself is also instead suggestive. It shows a topless char adult female lying in bed with a topless man. The woman is looking straight at the audience, with a grin shamelessly tacked onto her face. A blanket covers the mans face, and it seems as if he is not even awake yet.His arm also rests on top of the womans body. It is implied that the two have slept together. It is also implied that in this case, the man is the boss, while the woman is the one who is being stupid. In the photograph, it seems as if the woman is in control of the situation, since she is awake with the smile on her face, looking directly at the came ra. In fact, she is portrayed as the one taking advantage of the male, when it is usually the opposite in society. though this may seem empowering, it holds women in a negative light.Not only is the female not the boss, she is the one victimisation the male in order to be stupid. This is degrading to women, even though it may not initially seem like it. The advertisement seems to be saying that girls should be stupid, and that intelligence is unimportant. It promotes girls acting foolishly and doing preposterous things like sleeping with a boss. Is this what Diesel wants the future of the younger female population to be? If so, it is quite chauvinistic and deprecating to the many advancements females have made throughout history.This picture juxtaposed with the slogan encourages women to be licentious and to disregard ethics. The Be Stupid campaign has much potential in carrying a positivistic meaning. It encourages people to occasionally step out of their realms of comfort, and to be a little bit bold and chivalrous every now and then. This can be a positive message because without taking risks, people will not be able to succeed. It is not always good to be uninhibited, however there are certain limitations as to how impulsive one can be.The issue is that Diesels campaign puts no boundaries as to how stupid one can and should be and just suggests people to act as savages. Be Stupid also suffers due to the poor word choice, along with the risque advertisements it only appeals to the immature and undeveloped, and manipulates their flexible minds into believing that spending more time with your boss and being stupid is acceptable. Diesel should stop being stupid and be more conscious of the message they send.

Legal and Regulatory Framework Essay

There are umteen acts that exist to prevent variation, laws that protect age, sex, race, and religion. These acts are there to stop direct discrimination when someone is tempered less favourably than another.The company John Lewis is mostly affected by the Sex Discrimination function 1975/97 to help stop judgement because of sex. They are affected by this act because of stereotypes such as technological jobs that are expected to be done by a male, so when the company searches for an applier they would primary(prenominal)ly focus on males, qualification females have a lower risk of braceting the job. This whoremaster also be related to an ethical issue, which is to never put the alike gender in an converse panel, which is never done so that a person cannot be picked because of their sex. The company deals with this by looking guardedly at each(prenominal) candidate, and may also consider leaving out the gender section, to not be stereotypical when choosing the right candi date.The Equal Pay Act 1970 would also affect this company just as it affects any other companies it would force the company to pay its employees equ ally, ignoring gender. The company handles this by properly giving each employee their pay without considering gender to be an issue.The National Minimum Wage organizes the company pay the minimum total set by the government to their employees, this act would make the company suffer when it is in a concentrated situation and they need money by decreasing the amount needful to pay to employees who are needed in the job. The company would deal to this law by making sure that the budget is enough and to realize if they can get rid of an employee if the potential candidate seems better.The Race Relations Act 1992 stops discrimination on race, nationality, ethnic origin or national origin. One example that could happen is not involving a race when advertising the position, which would harm the candidates, and which will lead to harm t o the business. The company would deal with this by making sure that no one is missed, and that not a particular race is picked for a job and tending(p) more of an advantage than another.The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 & 2005 helps make a dis fitting person get treated fairly when being interviewed this act would affect the business because it they would have to pay equipment for the disabled, such as a wheelchair to help make the employee feel comfortable and not judged.Employment Acts 2002 and 2008, and the Work and Families Act 2006, covers maternity and paternity leave and pay, flexible working(a) hours for carers of adults, as well as improved communication amid employers and employees during maternity and paternity leave. This would affect the business because they would need new employees to cover the leave, as well as an extra pay for the new employee and the one leaving.The European Working Time Directive introduces the maximum working week of 48 hours over a cer tain number of weeks, as well as restraint on the length of nightshifts, rest periods and annual leave. This would affect the business because they wont be able to employ someone longer to complete the job, which would lead to time loss. The company would deal with this by airing the time between different employees equally.Ethics is what is expected to be done, and there are many ethical motive that are expected to be followed by a business when recruiting, one of them is to always ask the same questions in an interview, one simple reason to do this is to be fair to all of the candidates, but the main reason is compare them equally, as well as knowing what is needed to be known from all of them, which would help the business know the right candidate that would help the business. Another affaire that a business is expected to do is to not make the interviewees related to the candidates, and the main reason to do that is to never make the results bias, an example of that is a cand idate being chosen because he/she is related to the owner of the business. This would increase the chance of other candidates to be chosen who might have potential in the business.One other thing that the business is expected to do is to always make a promotion available, to help increase the pauperization of the employees so that the job can be done, and to also helps make all the employees have the same opportunities, which would in return make the number of candidatesincrease, making the chance of them having the right employee higher. Firing someone when it needs to be done is also something that the business is expected to do, as it will make the candidates aware that the business deals with a problem when they report them, and it would also be beneficial to the business at it would stop people from do trouble or stealing form the business.